Who signs public statements on opposing sides of climate-science debate, and how do their backgrounds compare?
A closer account of the question, evidence, and how to interpret this work.
The published Who Are the 3 Per Cent? article describes signatories to contrarian documents. Climate Science and its Dissenters, coauthored with Alfie Hoar and William Ripple, frames a broader comparison between people associated with consensus and contrarian statements. The substantive question is whether the populations differ in expertise, demographics, or other documented characteristics.
Petitions may recruit signers from different professional networks and apply different standards of who is eligible or encouraged to sign. A defensible comparison needs comparable definitions for expertise, clearly identified signature documents, consistent treatment of duplicate names, and attention to missing biographies. Otherwise a difference between lists might reflect recruitment rather than political or scientific disagreement.
The manuscript is listed as under review. The site can distinguish it from the published contrarian-only study and explain the comparative puzzle, but cannot claim a particular group difference, sample count, or statistically significant result without the full manuscript.
Source: Young, Hoar and Ripple, Climate Science and its Dissenters, manuscript under review in the 2026 CV.
The title and authors are documented, but the verified sources do not establish a final sample, estimated differences, or other results. The project is described as under review.
Under review · Manuscript · Laura D. Young, Alfie Hoar, and William Ripple · Current manuscript listed in the 2026 CV.